Ebook gratuit STAIRWAY TO THE MIND. : The Controversial New Science of Consciousness, by Alwyn Scott
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STAIRWAY TO THE MIND. : The Controversial New Science of Consciousness, by Alwyn Scott
Ebook gratuit STAIRWAY TO THE MIND. : The Controversial New Science of Consciousness, by Alwyn Scott
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Détails sur le produit
Relié: 229 pages
Editeur : Springer-Verlag New York Inc.; Édition : 1st ed. 1995. Corr. 2nd printing 1999 (10 février 1999)
Langue : Anglais
ISBN-10: 0387943811
ISBN-13: 978-0387943817
Dimensions du produit:
15,6 x 1,6 x 23,4 cm
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What struck me most from the book was the fact that all sciences are separated by barriers. From quantum physics to chemistry to biology, the author tries to build a coherent structure of thought to guide us towards understanding consciousness. However, there are gaps between these sciences and I believe that only "The Theory of Everything" can bridge these gaps if it is ever discovered one day.Indeed I tend to agree with the author that consciousness cannot be explained by just one theory monopolized by one field of science. As he put it:"Like life, the phenomenon of consciousness is intimately related to several levels of the scientific hierarchy, so the appropriate scientists-cytologists, electrophysiologists, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, anesthesiologists, socialogists and ethnologists-should be working together. It is difficult to see how this elusive phenomenon might otherwise be understood."
As stated in the Wikipedia [...] this book is as dishonest as "A New Kind Of Science". It basically appropriates Nicolai Hartmann's Theory of Categories without giving him credit. How shameful!
Recently, I happened upon an excellent Amazon review written by Scott Alwyn (see Conway's "Dark Hero of the Information Age"). That prompted me to reread the subject book, which in turn resulted in my even higher regard for its merit. This is an authoritative, fascinating, and provocative book written for an educated general readership. Since the book was published twenty years ago, however, I am not sure as a nonspecialist just how current its content is. It explores the essence of multiple theories and approaches bearing on consciousness at necessarily at a higher level, and hence the content would be less prone to datedness. Also, much of the book quite informatively examines background knowledge, ranging from quantum physics through cultural factors, as they may affect various aspects or characterizations of consciousness. Scott also elucidates his own formulation of the nature and composition of consciousness: an emergent phenomenon arising out of an evolvable hierarchical structure of constituent levels, over which coordinated discrete events may fuse into a given experience.The organization of the book and the caliber of writing are both excellent. Even more impressive, however, is the focused and cohesive ideational flow and its substantive articulation. The survey of various theories, philosophies, and scientific approaches related to consciousness science is presented, critiqued, and compared with balance and ostensible candor. His tone of discourse is quite measured. Even so, Alwyn Scott’s sympathies are generally evident and well supported in interim commentary, and summarized in the next-to-last chapter. Moreover, he forms and argues his positions with selections from disparate sources included in the survey.In essence, Scott advocates a conceptual framework: that provisionally outlines his unifying conception of the organization of consciousness; and that may serve in structuring a systematic multilevel research program. This framework for a multidisciplinary exploration of consciousness centers on an extensible hierarchy of distinct levels of functionality, with appreciable coupling between levels. In general, however, the hierarchy is impervious to reductive methodology in that each lower level itself can neither predict nor derive the capabilities of its adjacent higher level. This obtains because of the appearance of emergent attributes at each ascending level, each of which entailing subordinate-level organizing principles. Working top-down, of course, a higher level can be explained by the next lower level. To elaborate the structure of the hierarchy, cyclical paths are posited that enrich and empower the coupling among levels. Ultimately, consciousness is seen most likely to arise from cascaded emergences as entrained in hypercycles, or cycles of cycles of cycles. In effect, this proposed framework for consciousness research serves as reference architecture to focus and integrate empirical undertakings.Key elements of Scott’s formative hierarchical organization of consciousness span the following:• Evolvable Hierarchical Structure - stack of disciplinary levels (intralevel decomposition out-of-scope) - differing laws and concepts at each level (need for disciplinarity) - nonreductive organization (reduction does not entail reconstruction)• Composite Conscious Experience - coalescence of multilevel events (nonlinear coherence)• Discounting of Quantum Effects - provisionally unnecessary (for either indeterminism or essential operative events)• Reservations Regarding Ordinary Laws of Physics - something else needed (“hard problem†per Chalmers)• Crucial Biological Phenomena - versatile Hebbian cell assemblies (efficient learning, memory & response) - multilevel hypercycles (self organization: energize-reproduce-evolve)• Dynamical Effects - multilevel integration (need for multidisciplinarity) - positive feedback astability (exclusive selection/amplification) - nonlinear phenomena (yielding indeterminism & emergence).Although his academic background and career concentrate mainly in mathematical science, Scott has also demonstrated interdisciplinary perspectives and competencies, especially with respect to neurobiology. In particular, his resume includes significant personally conducted/published work in empirical neurobiology, along with associated math modeling. So this book is not mere scientific reportage, but instead a versatile and accomplished insider’s view of various consciousness research threads. Most notably, the author’s breadth of experience enables his intriguing array of mathematical formalisms for more rigorously and precisely characterizing scientific concepts seen to support consciousness science theorizing. To facilitate the book’s incisiveness and readability, nine sketches of salient concepts from mathematics or physics appear in appendices. Within the main body of text, moreover, relevant mathematical methods/concepts are introduced by Scott for elucidation. Most interesting to me was the invocation of lamda calculus to represent abstractly how biological assemblies could form and persist.In all, this book is a stimulating exposition and reasoned critique circa 1995 of consciousness investigations, albeit at a necessarily higher level of treatment. My only reservation about the book is its omission of Michael Polanyi’s concept of dual-level control regarding adjacent hierarchical levels, together with the organizing role it ascribes to boundary conditions (see Polanyi's "The Tacit Dimension"). The associated organizing principles then constitute Chalmers’ “extra ingredient,†and nonreductionism is merely a consequence. My personal deficit in pondering Scott’s ideas is just how hypercycles might be incorporated into multiple levels of a hierarchy; more explanation for this vitally pivotal notion would have been most desirable. Here it might be that revisions or extensions to the holarchy formalism (see Koestler's "Janus: A Summing Up") would be appropriate, along with specificity regarding various kinds of relationships among respective levels. Sadly, Alwyn Scott is no longer with us to address such matters, nor to review the present state of consciousness research. The high standard of authoritative discourse accessible for educated general readership established by this book, however, will remain a challenge for others to pursue.
This is one of the most significant books on the nature of consciousness scince the appearence of William James's "Principles of Sychology" and Erwin Schroedinger's "Mind and Matter". Combining the best of classical knowledge of the mind, with the insights of contemporary Nonlinear Science, this book provides a provides a perspective from which matieralism and dualism are no longer contradictory views. For anyone who is in anyway at all interesed in consciousness or any related subjects, this book is an absolute must! Written in fully comprehensible language, it belongs on the bookshelf of all those interested in the subject, newcomers and seasoned veterans alike.
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